IS THE RAE A FUNDAMENTAL VARIABLE ?
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However, this system does not take into account that within a same category there could be a chronological difference between the rivals of up to 23 months, in the case they were not of the same year (without having pre-benjamines that would be much more difference) ,
and of 11 months both athletes were born in the same year (Delorme, 2010).
This classification can generate heterogeneous groups due to the difference of months that may exist (Delorme, Boiche and Raspaud, 2010).
All this taking into account that many athletes will be born in the same year.
González Aramendi (2005) explains the Relative Age as "the age difference between individuals of the same group" and the Effect of Age Relative to the consequences derived from it as "delay in the physical, cognitive and emotional development of children born more late in the competitive year. "
It was in 1985, when Barnsley, Thompson and Barnsley revealed this reality. In a study conducted in the Canadian hockey leagues, they discovered that there was a kind of golden rule that was fulfilled in almost any team of the elite of that sport and in that country: 40% of the players were born in the first quarter of the year.
All this is summarized even if it is very disproportionate in the phrase said by Manuel Los Arcos Zaratiegui, Director of Tajonar-Fútbol Base "C.A. Osasuna de Pamplona "(cited in García Alvarez and Salvadores, 2005):" The children of January run, those of July compete, and those of December ... survive ". And is that, if this is true, the implications that the effect of relative age can be many and of great importance.
These effects give rise to several factors and this will be a clear justification for its study.
Malina, Maleski and Shoup (1982) suggest us, there are a series of physical requirements required for the practice of sports disciplines and that, as also pointed out by García Álvarez and Salvadores (2005), the differences in the development of sports subjects are very marked , especially in certain ages that are those that access to the competition, we will have a conjunction of factors that, surely, will favor the appearance of the effect of relative age.
In fact, and continuing with the data provided by García Álvarez y Salvadores (2005), we will find cases of athletes who, at the age of 14, will differ from each other by more than 10cm in height and weighing 10kg having been born in the same calendar year Therefore, at the time of being selected to compete in a team, this fact, together with the selection rules (cut-off date) and physical requirements imposed by the specific sport, will make the balance clearly inclined by those presenting a greater physical development.
The ERE will not only cause a disparity within the sports world, the scientific literature also makes reference to the fact that the quartile or more specifically the month of birth will be closely related to the probability of academic success (Freyman, 1965; Jinks, 1964 ; Lien, Tambs, Oppedal, Heyerdahl and Bjertness, 2005; Sprietsma, 2007; Williams, 1964).
In addition, other studies relate ERE to learning processes at early ages. An example of this was the study carried out by William in 1964. He showed that there was a higher percentage of students with learning disorders who had been born between May and December.
In addition, Sprietsma (2007) conducted an international study of ERE using the PISA 2003 report in the first years of education, showing a clear presence of this effect throughout the educational process in 10 of the 16 countries analyzed.
As it is already a fact that there are intracategories differences, several studies were carried out and a hypothesis assures that these differences could be due to the relationship between functional capacity, anthropometrics and maturation rhythms (Malina, Bouchard & Bar-Or, 2003; Morrison, Smith & Dow -Ehrensberger, 1995).
This hypothesis, which is the most widespread, is consistent with the gradual reduction of this effect, since the stages of growth are given up to the elite (Armstrong, 1966).
Otra relación que tiene la ERE en el deporte responde al porcentaje de abandono de la elite según el cuartil en el cual haya nacido el deportista. Varios estudios como el de Mujika et al (2009) o el de Nolan y Howell (2010) aclaran el gran vinculo que existía entre ellos. A pesar de ser los dos estudios de deportes diferentes ambos resultados afirman que los deportistas nacidos entre Enero y Junio alcanzaron la elite y tuvieron niveles de abandono deportivo mas bajos a comparación de los nacidos en los meses de Julio a Diciembre. Esto puede llevarnos a pensar que hay muchos jóvenes talentos que abandonan debido a los efectos de la edad relativa.
Para aclarar esta hipótesis tan solo hay que leer el estudio realizado por Delorme en el año 2010 donde califica como “ efecto discriminatorio” a el ERE debido a que las
“promesas tempranas” podrían estar definidas por el mes de nacimiento mas que por su talento en si, siendo un menor porcentaje los atletas que nacen en la última parte del año y que son definidos como “ futuras promesas”.
Estamos hablando de los ERE pero las investigaciones también han demostrado que hay deportes en los que existe un efecto inverso al hablado, ejemplo de ello son deportes en los que tiene ventajas el rendimiento rotativo o gimnástico. Esto se conoce como efecto de la edad relativa inversa. (Maffulli, King y Helms, 1994).
Por estas razones, es necesario comprender adecuadamente las variables y el contexto específico de cada deporte. Este conocimiento profundo permitiría tomar medidas en diferentes instituciones para implementar programas de intervención para reducir la distribución del sesgo en favor de los atletas con madurez temprana como lo han sugerido algunos autores (Campo, 2013).
Tras todos estos datos, personalmente creo que la respuesta es clara. La ERE es un dato fundamental para el deportista y puede ser indispensable a la hora de analizar al deportista.
Another relation that the ERE has in the sport responds to the percentage of abandonment of the elite according to the quartile in which the athlete was born. Several studies such as Mujika et al (2009) or Nolan and Howell (2010) clarify the great link that existed between them. Despite being the two studies of different sports, both results affirm that athletes born between January and June reached the elite and had lower levels of sports abandonment compared to those born in the months of July to December. This may lead us to think that there are many young talents that drop out due to the effects of relative age.
To clarify this hypothesis, it is only necessary to read the study carried out by Delorme in 2010, where it qualifies the ERE as a "discriminatory effect" because the
"Early promises" could be defined by the month of birth more than by its talent itself, with a lower percentage being the athletes who are born in the last part of the year and who are defined as "future promises".
We are talking about the ERE but research has also shown that there are sports in which there is an inverse effect to the spoken, example of this are sports in which rotating or gymnastic performance has advantages. This is known as the effect of the relative inverse age. (Maffulli, King and Helms, 1994).
For these reasons, it is necessary to properly understand the variables and the specific context of each sport. This in-depth knowledge would allow taking measures in different institutions to implement intervention programs to reduce the distribution of bias in favor of athletes with early maturity as some authors have suggested (Campo, 2013).
After all this information, I personally believe that the answer is clear. The ERE is a fundamental data for the athlete and may be essential when analyzing the athlete.
Here you have the pdf for some to see more detailed studies.
Another relation that the ERE has in the sport responds to the percentage of abandonment of the elite according to the quartile in which the athlete was born. Several studies such as Mujika et al (2009) or Nolan and Howell (2010) clarify the great link that existed between them. Despite being the two studies of different sports, both results affirm that athletes born between January and June reached the elite and had lower levels of sports abandonment compared to those born in the months of July to December. This may lead us to think that there are many young talents that drop out due to the effects of relative age.
To clarify this hypothesis, it is only necessary to read the study carried out by Delorme in 2010, where it qualifies the ERE as a "discriminatory effect" because the
"Early promises" could be defined by the month of birth more than by its talent itself, with a lower percentage being the athletes who are born in the last part of the year and who are defined as "future promises".
We are talking about the ERE but research has also shown that there are sports in which there is an inverse effect to the spoken, example of this are sports in which rotating or gymnastic performance has advantages. This is known as the effect of the relative inverse age. (Maffulli, King and Helms, 1994).
For these reasons, it is necessary to properly understand the variables and the specific context of each sport. This in-depth knowledge would allow taking measures in different institutions to implement intervention programs to reduce the distribution of bias in favor of athletes with early maturity as some authors have suggested (Campo, 2013).
After all this information, I personally believe that the answer is clear. The ERE is a fundamental data for the athlete and may be essential when analyzing the athlete.
Here you have the pdf for some to see more detailed studies.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sYXNc3XSk05gZXbNTotHJnqzTEf8LwIj/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1orMPFRDKpsnbVeFuiz8M2dWYfEDT2DYs/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1orMPFRDKpsnbVeFuiz8M2dWYfEDT2DYs/view?usp=sharing
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